Strange stuff inside engine??????

[kenparker]

In disassembling and engine this morning I found some odd stuff I have never seen before. Can someone identify the "what" and "Why"?????

The first picture shows the four intake valves and the extra spring around each one. The large spring below the guide closes the valve, but what does the small spring above the valve guide do and why? At the bottom of one of the small springs you can see some kind of rope packing material. ????? The "Ring" around the base of the valve guide is a spacer to give the large spring more tension.

Picture 2 shows someones attempt to replace the Oil Drain Tubre. It was stuffed all the way to the bottom of the Cap drain tube sealing it from draining anything. Sombody messed up.

Thrid picture shows the Rod Cap Nut with its "different" lock nut instead of cotter key. Three rods had this style nut nad number 4 rod has cotter key. ODD.