[BRENT in 10-uh-C]

While I appreciate Henry's thoughts as portrayed by Mr. Kelley, some of what is being recommended is actually false based on R&D. First, while I agree regarding a smooth pipe flowing a solid liquid, the problem with that analogy is we are not flowing a solid liquid, but we are flowing a gaseous liquid while trying to keep other heavier gas particles suspended. A smooth surface transition does help keep airflow moving but much of this is dependent on the speed of the flow. One also needs to factor in abrupt changes in direction which occur too frequently to only consider the flow efficiency. These directional changes are caused by a intake valve closing and an adjacent port providing a higher vacuum signal with the opening of that valve. So the air must keep the fuel suspended while moving but what happens when the valve closes and the moving air must change directions? A smooth surface will allow the atomized fuel to cling to the surface and fall out of suspension. My son's early racing career involved little flathead engines, and the amount of money that has been spent on R&D in kart racing and jr. drag racing is phenomenal. If you want to learn how to build a powerful Model-A/B engine, go study what the Briggs & Stratton builders do.